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Online learning that are 100% virtual, excluding massively open online courses (MOOCs).
In the domain of higher education there are two distinct methods in which a learner can engage with an academic institution; the traditional method of brick-and-mortar facilities and the virtual method through online learning.
This article will focus on the virtual platform of online learning. Today's online learning is the newest development in distance education that began in the mid-1990s with the spread of the internet.
Learner experience is typically asynchronous, but may also incorporate synchronous elements.
The vast majority of institutions utilize a Learning Management System for the administration of online courses.
As theories of distance education evolve, digital technologies to support learning and pedagogy continue to transform as well.
The first correspondence courses began in the 1800s using parcel post to reach students who couldn't be on a university campus.
By the early 1900s, communication technologies improved and distance education took to the radio waves. In 1919 professors at the University of Wisconsin began an amateur radio station, becoming the first licensed radio station dedicated to educational broadcasting.
Soon after, access to higher education was again expanded through the invention of the television; giving birth to what was known as the telecourse. The University of Iowa began to experiment with television for educational purposes in the 1930s.
It was not until the 1950s, when the FCC began to reserve television frequencies for educational purposes, that telecourses caught the attention of the public.
The value of television for education was furthered by the establishment of the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) in 1967. The CPB mission was "to encourage the growth and development of public radio and television broadcasting, including the use of such media for instructional, educational, and cultural purposes"